Multiple studies in the United States have found that the vegetable and fruit drawer is the dirtiest area in the refrigerator. Refrigerated leaf lettuce can carry up to 2 million bacteria per gram. Before eating fruits and vegetables, thorough washing can remove the vast majority of bacteria. Below, the editor summarizes the washing methods for four types of fruits and vegetables.
1. Fruits and vegetables with edible skins: such as apples, peaches, tomatoes, and zucchinis
Washing method: Rub under running tap water for 30-60 seconds. Dr. Brenda Niemira, Chief Scientist at the USDA's Agricultural Research Service, states that tap water rinsing helps remove 98% of bacteria from produce. Stubborn stains can be scrubbed with a vegetable brush or your fingers. However, softer fruits like peaches should not be scrubbed forcefully to avoid breaking the skin.
2. Fruits and vegetables with inedible peels: such as melons (watermelon, cantaloupe), oranges, and bananas
Washing method: Use a vegetable brush or a new toothbrush to scrub the skin under running tap water for 30-60 seconds. Dr. Alfred Bushway, a professor of food science at the University of Maine, explains that although the peels of these fruits are generally not eaten directly, the fruit often passes through many hands, and the skin (especially in crevices) is inevitably contaminated with bacteria. When peeling or cutting with a knife, bacteria from the skin can get into the flesh.
3. Clustered fruits and vegetables: such as various berries and grapes
Washing method: Remove the stems from the clustered produce, place them in a colander, and rinse with the tap spray for at least 60 seconds. Dr. Sandria Godwin, a professor at Tennessee State University, notes that drying the fruit with a paper towel can further remove bacteria.
4. Leafy green vegetables: such as spinach and lettuce
Washing method: Remove the outer, older leaves, rinse under cool water for 30-60 seconds, and then let them dry. Even for pre-washed leafy greens, it is best to give them a quick rinse with water before cooking.