For the dietary treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, the goal is to protect brain function, promote the repair of nerve cells and their functions, and provide overall nutritional support. If the patient has no complications and good digestive function, refer to the dietary treatment section for hypertension and coronary heart disease. Patients should be given reasonable dietary advice, focusing on a low-salt, low-fat, high-potassium diet. Correct malnutrition or nutritional imbalances to promote recovery and prevent recurrence.
When the patient's condition is severe with a coma, or when there is gastrointestinal bleeding or vomiting, food should be withheld and nutrition should be supplemented intravenously. After 3 days, nasogastric feeding can begin, primarily with fruit water, rice soup, lotus root powder juice, and almond milk. Administer 4 to 6 times a day, 150ml to 200ml each time. After the patient adapts, the amount can be gradually increased to 250ml to 300ml each time. Do not infuse too much at once to prevent vomiting. As the condition gradually improves, energy intake can be appropriately increased by administering mixed milk. The main components of mixed milk are milk, starch, eggs, sugar, salt, and vegetable oil.
Cocoa powder or dextrin can be added at any time according to the condition to increase the caloric content and absorption rate of the mixed milk. The daily amount of mixed milk required varies from person to person depending on the condition. For patients with a stable condition that is not worsening, 1000ml to 1500ml of mixed milk can be given daily. The amount of eggs should not be excessive to prevent an increase in blood cholesterol and blood viscosity. Warm water should also be administered via tube feeding between meals of mixed milk.
If the patient does not tolerate the mixed milk and experiences vomiting or diarrhea, discontinue it immediately and switch to a homogenized diet or elemental diet. If the patient is systemically exhausted, intravenous infusions of amino acids and fat emulsions should be given to correct the exhaustion as soon as possible. For general patients, low-fat, high-protein foods such as fish, poultry, lean meat, and soy products (at least 30g per day) should be provided. Cholesterol intake should be limited to less than 300mg, and fresh vegetable intake should be more than 400g per day. Adequate vitamin supplements should be taken. Meals should be regular and in fixed quantities. Dinner should be light, and water should be consumed before bedtime to prevent an increase in blood viscosity at night.