(I) Mild Bronchopneumonia
1. Fever: Mostly high
2. Cough: Starts with frequent, irritating dry cough, followed by phlegm rales in the throat. Coughing can be accompanied by vomiting and choking on milk.
3. Shallow and rapid breathing, flaring nostrils. Some children may have mild cyanosis around the mouth and nails.
In addition to respiratory symptoms, children may also have systemic symptoms such as listlessness, irritability, loss of appetite, chills, and diarrhea.
(II) Severe Pneumonia: In addition to the aggravated manifestations of mild pneumonia, there is persistent high fever, severe systemic toxic symptoms, and accompanied by damage to the function of other organs.
1. Respiratory symptoms: Shallow and rapid breathing, up to 80 times per minute or more. Flaring nostrils, three-concave sign, expiratory groaning, obvious cyanosis of the face, limbs, and extremities. In severe cases, the face may be pale or grayish. Dense fine moist rales can be heard in both lungs.
2. Cardiovascular symptoms: Infants with pneumonia are often accompanied by cardiac insufficiency.
3. Nervous system symptoms (1) Irritability, drowsiness, staring, strabismus, upward deviation of the eyeballs (2) Drowsiness, even coma and convulsions (3) Chemosis (4) Changes in pupils, sluggish or absent light reflex (5) Irregular respiratory rhythm (6) Bulging fontanelle, meningeal irritation signs. The cerebrospinal fluid shows increased pressure but is otherwise normal, which is called toxic encephalopathy. In severe cases, intracranial pressure is higher, and brain herniation may occur.
4. Digestive system symptoms: Loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension. In severe cases, vomit may be coffee-colored or there may be blood in the stool, absent bowel sounds, toxic ileus, and toxic hepatitis.
5. Metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, or mixed acidosis may occur.
Chinese Medicine Prescription (I)
【Differentiation】Internal heat and phlegm stagnation, with unclearness in the lung and stomach.
【Treatment Principle】Clear, diffuse, unblock, and transform to stop cough and calm wheezing.
【Prescription Name】Ma Shi Ting Lu Yin.
【Ingredients】Mahuang (Ephedra) 2g, Sheng Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 15g, Tian Tingli (Semen Lepidii) 5g, Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis) 12g, Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) 10g, Suzi (Semen Perillae) 6g, Suye (Folium Perillae) 5g, Zhe Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii) 9g, Laifuzi (Semen Raphani) 10g, Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) 6g, Jiao Ji Neijin (Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli) 10g, Liuyi San (Six-One Powder) 12g.
【Source】Prescribed by Qu Wenlou.
Chinese Medicine Prescription (II)
【Differentiation】Caused by external wind-warmth attacking the interior.
【Treatment Principle】Lower qi, calm wheezing, transform phlegm, and relieve distension.
【Prescription Name】Tingli Wuzi Tang.
【Ingredients】Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii) 3g, Niubangzi (Fructus Arctii) 6g, Laifuzi (Semen Raphani) 6g, Chao Xingren (Fried Semen Armeniacae Amarum) 6g, Huai Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae) 6g, Zhi Suzi (Roasted Semen Perillae) 4.5g, Chuan Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae) 4.5g, Dazao (Fructus Jujubae) 5 pieces.
【Usage】Decoct in water for oral administration, one dose daily, three times a day. The dosage above is for a one-year-old child.
【Source】Prescribed by Sun Yimin.
Chinese Medicine Prescription (III)
【Differentiation】External wind evil with internal phlegm-turbidity, leading to lung qi obstruction.
【Treatment Principle】Clear and diffuse, open and unblock, resolve phlegm and calm wheezing.
【Prescription Name】Feiyan Tanchang Tang.
【Ingredients】Sheng Mahuang (Raw Ephedra) 1.5g, Sheng Shigao (Raw Gypsum Fibrosum) 15g (decoct first), Jinyinhua (Flos Lonicerae) 9g, Lianqiao (Fructus Forsythiae) 9g, Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) 9g, Sheng Gancao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae) 3g, Chao Tinglizi (Fried Semen Lepidii) 6g, Tianzhuhuang (Concretio Silicea Bambusae) 6g, Gualoupi (Cortex Fructus Trichosanthis) 6g, Yuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae) 6g.
【Usage】Decoct in water for oral administration, one dose daily, three times a day.
【Source】Prescribed by Ma Lianxiang.
Chinese Medicine Prescription (IV)
【Differentiation】Flourishing heat toxin and phlegm obstructing the lung orifices.
【Treatment Principle】Open orifices, purge fire, and expel phlegm.
【Prescription Name】Jiang Xin Kai Fang.
【Ingredients】Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 1g, Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) 10g, Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis) 1g, Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) 3g, Zhiqiao (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus) 5g, Chuan Yujin (Radix Curcumae) 5g.
【Usage】Decoct in water for oral administration, one dose daily, three times a day.
【Source】Prescribed by Liu Bichen.